Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Mechanical forces play a central role in regulating biological function across length scales, influencing processes such as protein folding and stability, molecular transport, enzymatic activity, and ...

(Nanowerk News) Plastics or DNA: Many molecules are so long that they can form knots, much like tying shoes. Whereas it is still disputed whether right- and left-handed people prefer to tie their ...